地质Revision Questions.docVIP

Revision Questions OG4 Q1.What is the weathering?（风化作用？） Weathering is breakdown of solid rock.Once a rock has been exposed on the surface of the earth,no matter how hard it is,it will eventually be broken into particles or dissolved by the forces of weathering. Q2. What is the Lithosphere? （岩石圈？） The lithosphere is the solid outer shell of the earth,about 35 to 60 miles 50 to 100 km or more in thickness. Q3. What is the geothermal gradient? 地温梯度？ Q4. What is the erosion? 剥蚀作用？ Q5. What is the physical sedimentary differentiation?（机械沉积分异作用？Q6. Please put the Earthˊs interior texture in a nutshell?（简述地球的内部结构?） The three main units of the Earthˊs interior are core,mantle,and crust.The diameter of the core is about 4300 miles 6900km ,and iron is probably its chief ingredient.The core consists of an inner part that seems solid and an outer part that appears fluid.The mantle is nearly 1800 miles 2900km thick and makes up about 84% of the volume of the Earth.Since the volume of the core is about 16%,the crust actually makes up very small part of the earth as a whole.The mantle and crust are solid except for relatively small masses of magma that develop occasionally within a few tens of miles of the surface. Q7.What is the mineral?（矿物？） Mineral are naturally occurring relatively pure chemical compounds， such as quartz Sio2 or calcite caco3 . pyrite（FeS2）、黄铜矿chalcopyrite（CuFeS2）、方铅矿galena（PbS）石英quartz（SiO2）、赤铁矿hematite（Fe2O3）、磁铁矿magnetite（Fe3O4）、褐铁矿limonite（Fe2O3·nH2O）、铝土矿bauxite [Al OH 3]石盐halite NaCl 、钾盐sylvite（KCl）、萤石fluorite（CaF2）方解石calcite（CaCO3）、白云石dolomite CaMg CO3 2 、重晶石barite（BaSO4）、石膏gypsum（CaSO4·2H2O）、长石feldspar（KAlSi3O8） Q9. What are the metamorphic rock? （变质岩？） 地壳中原有的岩石受构造运动、岩浆活动或地壳内热流变化等内营力影响，使其矿物成分、结构构造发生不同程度的变化而形成的岩石。 Q10. What are the sedimentary rock? （沉积岩？） 由成层沉积的松散堆积物固结而成的岩石。 Q11. What are the magma rock?（岩浆岩？） 由岩浆冷凝形成的岩石Q12. Give the Lithology symbol as much as you know.（写出你所知道的岩性符号） Q13.Fill the blank A to D. Q14. Fill the blank space A, B, C, and