2.2 热化学与焓.pptVIP

状态一定, 内能有确定的值与它相对应; 体系的状态发生变化时，内能的变化值，只跟体系的始态与终态有关，而与变化途径无关。 ΔU = Q + W W = -pΔV = -ΔnRT H = U + pV ΔH = ΔU + Δ(pV) Qv = ΔU Qp = ΔH Qp = ΔH = ΔU + Δ(pV) = Qv + ΔnRT 【例2-3】在352 K和100 kPa压力下，将1 mol乙醇完全气化，求此过程的W，ΔH，ΔU和Qp。已知该反应的Qv = 40.6 kJ 解： C2H5OH(l) = C2H5OH(g) W = -pΔV = -ΔnRT = -(1 mol – 0 mol) × 352 K × 8.314 J·K-1·mol-1 = –352 × 8.314 J = –2.93 kJ ΔU = Qv = 40.6 kJ ΔH = ΔU + pΔV = ΔU – W = 40.6 kJ – (–2.93 kJ) = 43.53 kJ Qp = ΔH = 43.53 kJ ΔU = Q + W W = -pΔV = -ΔnRT H = U + pV ΔH = ΔU + Δ(pV) Qv = ΔU Qp = Qv -Δn