Chapter 24 Early Quantum theory.pptVIP

3 de Broglie’s Hypothesis applied to atoms 33-11 standing wave Curl the line and form a circular orbit the circumference: The orbit should contain an integer number of wavelengths. Quantum condition The quantized orbits and energy states in the Bohr’s model are due to the wave nature of the election. Only “resonant” standing waves can persist and the wave-particle duality is at the root of atomic structure. Review: 33-5, 6, 8, 9, 11 Example： 33-5, 9,14, 15 Preview: Chap. 34 * * * * 赵凯华, P 13 The application of photoelectric effect * In 1906， R.A. Milikan 研究了Na, Mg, Al, Cu等金属, 得到了频率与遏止电压之间的严格线性关系, 并由斜率测出 h, 与实验值符和很好. 1923年获 Noble Prize * 光电效应的应用，书上768。程书3册，333 * In 1906， R.A. Milikan 研究了Na, Mg, Al, Cu等金属, 得到了频率与遏止电压之间的严格线性关系, 并由斜率测出 h, 与实验值符和很好. 1923年获 Noble Prize * * 应指出 这三个problems meaning * * * * 光电效应的应用，书上768。程书3册，333 Different Effect of Photon Interactions P771 1. The photon can be scattered from an electron ( or a nucleus) and in the process lose some energy and its f will be lower —— Compton Effect (当光子与原子中的自由电子或弱束缚电子弹性碰撞时发生康普顿效应). 2. A photon may knock an electron out of an atom and in the process itself disappear—— photoelectric (光子与原子中束缚电子发生完全非弹性碰撞时，光子被电子吸收,发生光电效应) 4. A photon can actually create matter, such as the production of an electron and a position. This process is called pair production (正负电子偶). 光与物质的相互作用时可能会发生若干种不同的效应: 有光电效应,康普顿效应,还产生正负电子偶,它们是不同能量的光子与物质中的原子、电子、原子核相互作用的结果。 3. A photon may knock an atomic electron to a higher energy state in the atom in the process photon disappears, and all its energy is given to the atom. (Such an atom is in an excited state). Solution: Example (P770 33-7) X-ray scattering. X-rays of wavelength 0.140nm are scattered from a block of carbon. What will be the wavelengths of X-rays scattered at (a) 0o, (b) 90o, (c) 180o? (a) (c) (b) Example: X-rays with λ0=100pm are scattered from a carbon target. The scattered radiation is viewed at 900 to the incident beam. (a). What is a Compton shi