03第三章 热力学第一定律.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 理想气体为工质时For Ideal Gas 理想气体，任何过程 ?q = cv dT+ ?w ?q = cv dT+ pdv 理想气体，可逆过程 焓 (Enthalpy) h = u + pv 理想气体的焓For Ideal Gas 理想气体，任何过程 §3.4 开口系统的能量方程Energy Balance For Open System 1.开口系统的质量守恒方程 Mass Balance for an Open System (Control Volume) 在一个过程中，传递给系统的净质量等于系统总质量的净变化量（增加或减小)。 Net mass transfer to or from a system during a process is equal to the net change (increase or decrease) in the total mass of the system during the process. 2.开口系统的能量方程 Energy Balance for an Open System  Q Ws Ｗcv,ex Let’s define the inlet state as “1”, and the outlet state as 2. is called moving boundary work. §3.5稳定流动的能量方程Energy Equation For Steady Flow  １．稳态稳定流动的定义 Definition of Steady-flow 稳定就指流动空间中各点的状态不随时间而变化.) Steady-flow is a process during which a fluid flows through a control volume steadily. Steady means no change with time. (1) 稳定和均匀 Steady and uniform Steady implies no change with time. Uniform implies no change with location over specific region. (2) Steady-flow process A process during which a fluid flows through a control volumesteadily. That is, the properties remain the same at a fixed point during the entire process. 2.稳态稳定流动过程的特点 Characteristics of steady-flow process 状态参数可沿流动空间中的各点而变化,但对于其中任意一点,状态参数在整个过程中保持不变.) In the control volume, the properties can only change from point to point, but at any point they remain constant during the entire process. 　 流入控制体积的总质量和能量一定等于流出系统的总质量和能量. The total mass or energy entering the control volume must be equal to the total mass or energy leaving it. 　 稳态稳定流动系统与外界的热量及功量交换不随时间而变化。 The heat and work interactions between a steady-flow system and its surroundings do not change with time. 控制体积的体积保持不变。 The volume of the control volume remains constant. 稳态稳定流动系统中不涉及移动边界功。 No moving boundary work is involved in steady flow. 2．Energy Balance for Steady Flow (稳定流动的能量守恒方程) ? 稳态稳定流动系统中不涉及移动边界功。 No moving boundary work is