4 Design of Silicon Solar Cells.ppt

* §4.6 Solar Cell Fabrication Technologies §4.6 太阳能电池的制造技术 High Efficiency Solar Cells 高效率太阳能电池 High efficiency solar cells cost considerably more to produce than standard silicon cells and are typically used in solar cars or space applications. 高效率太阳能电池制造的成本比普通硅太阳能电池要高得多，因此通常使用在太阳能车或空间应用上。 Honda dream, the winning car in the 1996 World Solar Challenge. The custom made cells for the car are greater than 20% efficient.? Honda dream，1996年世界太阳能汽车挑战赛的冠军车。此车的太阳能电池效率超过20%。 * §4.6 Solar Cell Fabrication Technologies §4.6 太阳能电池的制造技术 Some of the techniques and design features used in the laboratory fabrication of silicon solar cells, to produce the highest possible efficiencies include: 下面将列举，为了获得最高效率，实验室制造硅太阳能电池时所使用的一些技术和工艺特点： 1) lightly phosphorus diffused emitters, to minimize recombination losses and avoid the existence of a dead layer at the cell surface; 在发射区扩散低浓度的磷，既能尽量减小复合损失又能避免电池表面“死层”的出现。 2) closely spaced metal lines, to minimise emitter lateral resistive power losses; 缩窄金属栅条的距离以减小发射区横向电阻的功率损耗。 3) very fine metal lines, typically less than 20 μm wide, to minimise shading losses; 极细的金属栅条，通常小于20μm，以减小阴影损失。 4) polished or lapped surfaces to allow top metal grid patterning via photolithography; 打磨或抛光晶片表面后进行激光雕刻并铺上金属网格。 5) small area devices and good metal conductivities, to minimise resistive losses in the metal grid;小的电池面积和好的金属导电性，以尽量减小金属网格电阻损失。 * §4.6 Solar Cell Fabrication Technologies §4.6 太阳能电池的制造技术 6) low metal contact areas and heavy doping at the surface of the silicon beneath the metal contact to minimize recombination; 小的金属接触面积和在金属电极下面进行重掺杂，以尽量减小复合效应。 7) use of elaborate metallization schemes, such as titanium/palladium/silver, that give very low contact resistances; 使用精密加工的金属，如钛/钯/银，尽量降低接触电阻。 8) good rear surface passivation, to reduce recombination; 良好的背面钝化以减少复合。 9) use of anti-reflection coatings, which can reduce surface reflection from 30% to well below 10%.使用减反射膜，能使反射光从30%减少到10%。 A number of cell designs exist which incorporate advanc