ch2位错-2.3位错的弹性性质.ppt

Ch2 位错 2.1 位错理论的产生 2.2 位错的几何性质 2.3 位错的弹性性质 2.4 位错与晶体缺陷的相互作用 2.5 位错的动力学性质 2.6 实际晶体中的位错 2.1 位错理论的产生 一、晶体的塑性变形方式 二、单晶体的塑性变形 三、多晶体的塑性变形 四、晶体的理论切变强度 五、位错理论的产生 六、位错的基本知识 2.2 位错的几何性质 一、位错的几何模型 二、柏格斯矢量 三、位错的运动 四、位错环及其运动 五、位错与晶体的塑性变形 六、割阶 2.3 位错的弹性性质 2.3 位错的弹性性质 一、弹性连续介质、应力和应变 二、螺型位错的应力场 三、刃型位错的应力场 四、位错的应变能 五、位错的受力 六、向错 一、弹性连续介质、应力和应变 (一)弹性连续介质 (二)应力分量 (三)应变分量 (四)弹性模量 (一)弹性连续介质 现在较为成熟的位错弹性理论,是在弹性连续介质模型基础上建立的.弹性连续介质模型对晶体作了如下假设： (1)完全服从虎克定律，即不存在塑性变形； (2)是各向同性的； (3)为连续介质，不存在结构间隙． 显然,这样的假设不符合晶体的实际情况.因为晶体的质点(原子)不是连续分布的,晶体中也不存在完全没有塑性变形的情况,至于各向异性,更是晶体的一个特征.但是对晶体作这样的简化之后,推导出的弹性力学函数,除了对位错中心存在严重畸变的区域不适用外,对大部分存在弹性形变的点阵区域,都是合适的. (二)应力分量 sxx, syy, szz, syz=szy szx=sxz?sxy=?syx (三)应变分量 (四)弹性模量 二、螺型位错的应力场 Stress Field of Screw Dislocation The elastic distortion around a straight screw dislocation of infinite length can be represented in terms of a cylinder of elastic material deformed as defined by Volterra. The following illustration shows the basic geometry. A screw dislocation produces the deformation shown in the left hand picture. This can be modeled by the Volterra deformation mode as shown in the right hand picture - except for the core region of the dislocation, the deformation is the same. A radial slit was cut in the cylinder parallel to the z-axis, and the free surfaces displaced rigidly with respect to each other by the distance b, the magnitude of the Burgers vector of the screw dislocation, in the z-direction. In the core region the strain is very large - atoms are displaced by about a lattice constant. Linear elasticity theory thus is not a valid approximation there, and we must exclude the core region. We then have no problem in using the Volterra approach; we just have to consider the core region separately and add it to the solutions from linear elasticity theory. The elastic field in the dislocated cylinder can be found by direct inspection. First, it is noted that there are no displacements in the x and y directions, i.e. ux = uy = 0 . In the z-direction,