key-jyss-2在职研究生英二模拟.docVIP

答案： 2012在职英语专业教育硕士----英语II 复习材料12 I. Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Look at the keyboard of any standard typewriter or computer. Q, W, E, R, T and Y are the first six letters. Who decided on this arrangement of the letters? And why? People tried for centuries to invent the typewriter. In 1714 in England, Henry Mill filed提出申请 a patent专利 for a machine called An Artificial Machine or Method for the Impressing 压印or Transcribing转写 of Letters, Singly or Progressively连续 one after another, as in Writing, whereby靠那个 all Writing whatsoever may be Engrossed用大字体书写，in Paper or Parchment 羊皮纸so Neat and Exact as not to be distinguished from Print. ②That machine probably didn’t sell because no one could remember its name!  ①The first practical typewriter was patented in the United States in 1868 by Christopher Latham Sholes. His machine was known as the type铅字-writer. It had a movable carriage托架, a lever杠杆 for turning paper from line to line, and a keyboard on which the letters were arranged in alphabetical order. But Sholes had a problem. On his first model, his ABC key arrangement caused the keys to jam when the typist worked quickly. Sholes didn’ t know how to keep the keys from sticking黏住，停留, so his solution was to keep the typist from typing too fast. Sholes asked his brother-in-law ③ to rearrange the keyboard so that the commonest letters were not so close together and the type bars would come from opposite directions. Thus they would not clash 碰撞together and jam the machine. The new arrangement was the QWERTY arrangement typists use today. Of course, Sholes claimed that the new arrangement was scientific and would add speed and efficiency. ④ The only efficiency it added was to slow the typist down, since almost any word in the English language required the typist’ s fingers to cover more distance on the keyboard. The advantages of the typewriter outweighed比…重要 the disadvantages of the keyboard. Typists memorized the crazy letter arrangement, and the typ