英语选修九译林牛津版U 2 Witnessing time同步课件（共45张）语法.pptVIP

Having done his work, he went to bed. His work having been done, he went to bed. 2. 看分词前有没有名词或代词。 没有者为分词短语， 有者为独立主格结构。 3. 看分词前有无with或without， 没有者为分词短语作状语， 有者则为独立主格结构。 Getting up late, Tom didn’t catch the first bus. b. With the cup broken, the child was crying. c. Without anyone noticing, I slipped through the window. 现在分词与过去分词的两大差别 1、现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在于语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。 2、现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 何为主动关系、被动关系？ He hurt his leg badly. 主动关系：主语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系，即主谓关系。 被动关系：宾语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系，即动宾关系。 把握主、被动关系的前提 能熟练判断分词的逻辑主语。即明白与哪个词去判断主、被动关系。 分 词 的 逻 辑 主 语 分词的逻辑主语的位置不是固定不变的, 而是“活”的-----随着分词所作语法成分的不同，其逻辑主语位置也不同，所以确定逻辑主语前首先要确定分词的语法成分。 1 作状语时 Seeing the teacher come in, all the students stood up. Heated, the metal expands. 分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子主语。 2 作宾补时 I saw him reading last night. His wife found his hair dyed black. 分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。 3 作表语时 The film is moving. The visitors looked surprised. 分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。 4 作定语时 This is an interesting book. The people invited to the party can’t come. 分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词 （即中心词）。 5 用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与with复合结构中） With the task completed, we went out to take some fresh air. It being Sunday, they had no classes. 分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的主语 分词所作成分 分词的逻辑主语 状语 主语 表语 宾补 宾语 定语 被修饰词 复合结构 复合结构中的主语 分 词 的 逻 辑 主 语一览表 确定分词的使用的具体步骤 1、根据句子结构确定分词的语 法成分 2、找准逻辑主语 3、判断主、被动关系 4、选定现在或过去分词 要养成“分析句子成分---寻找逻辑主语 ---判断主被动关系”这一思维定势 Exercises: 1. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A . Given B . To give C . Giving D . Having given 2. Climbing mountains was ____, so we all felt ____. A. tiring ; tired B. tired ; tiring C. tiring ; tiring D. tired ; tired 3. The ____ morning, the father came into the lonely house , ____ by his naughty boy . A. following ; following B. followed ; followed C. following ; followed D. followed ; following 4. ____ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ____ from t