测量与仪器介绍(INTRODUCTION TO MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION).pptVIP

Foot-pound-second (F.P.S.) used for: Length Mass Time * Definition of measurement and instrumentation Types of measurements Types of instruments in measurements Review in units of measurement Standard of measurement Calibration Application of measurement and instrumentation * As a physical representation of a unit of measurement It is used for obtaining the values of the physical properties of other equipment by comparison methods; e.g. The fundamental unit of mass in the SI system is the kilogram, defined as the mass of a cubic decimeter of water at its temperature of maximum density of 4?C. * International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standards Council of Canada ( SCC) British Standards (BS) * Definition of measurement and instrumentation Types of measurements Types of instruments in measurements Review in units of measurement Standard of measurement Calibration Application of measurement and instrumentation * * Calibration consists of comparing the output of the instrument or sensor under test against the output of an instrument of known accuracy (higher accuracy) when the same input (the measured quantity is applied to both instrument) The procedure is carried out for a range of inputs covering the whole measurement range of the instrument or sensor Ensures that the measuring accuracy of all instruments and sensors used in a measurement system is known over the whole measurement range, provided that the calibrated instruments and sensors are used in environmental conditions that are the same as those under which they were calibrated * Calibration involve a comparison of an instrument with either: A primary standard A secondary standard A known input Example: Weighing instrument Standard weight measurement facility (for example: NIST) Another weighing instrument of higher accuracy Mass standard The method and apparatus for performing measurement i