山东茶树品种引进及种质资源调查地研究论文.docVIP

山东农业大学硕士学位论文 中文摘要 自“南茶北引”以来，山东新建茶园所需种苗一直沿袭着从南方引进的方式，这 极大地丰富了山东茶区的茶树品种和种质资源，同时也使人们积累了丰富的引种经 验。为了全面系统分析山东茶树引种工作，搜集和筛选优异茶树种质资源，本文通过 实地调查结合问卷调查和文献查阅，从山东茶树引种方式、区域、品种的数量、类型 和遗传背景以及种植后的表现情况进行了系统分析，并对调查中发现的优异良株进行 了观测，结果如下： 1．山东省引进的茶树品种主要来源于浙江、福建、湖南和安徽。目前共引进茶树 品种75 个，按品种类型分类，群体种7 个，无性系良种68 个；按品种鉴定级别分， 国家级良种40 个，省级良种14 个，地方良种21 个；按适制性分类，绿茶类31 个， 乌龙茶类22 个，红绿茶兼制类19 个，多茶类3 个。 2．山东省茶树的引种方式主要是有性后代的茶籽，其中以鸠坑种和福鼎大白种植 面积最广。虽然无性茶苗引种的茶树品种数量多，且呈不断增加的趋势，但种植规模 小，大多数仍处于试种阶段。 3．为了符合茶叶消费多样化的需要，山东引进品种的结构由单一适制绿茶向红绿 茶兼制以及乌龙茶、多茶类适制方向发展。 4．目前在生产上主要种植的无性系品种有：福鼎大白、龙井43、龙井长叶、白 毫早、迎霜；适宜推广种植的无性系品种有：中茶108、乌牛早、舒茶早、碧香早、 平阳特早、金观音、金萱等。 5．在山东茶园中存在一些具有优异性状的茶树单株。本次调查发现生长快速的茶 树15 株、抗寒性强的茶树12 株、适应性强的茶树9 株、叶片背卷茶树和叶片细小茶 树各2 株。 关键词：山东；茶树；种质资源；引种；调查 1 山东茶树品种引进及种质资源调查研究 Abstract Since tea plants were introduced from South of China to Shandong Provence， tea seedlings for new tea gardens have been still introduced from the South, and thus it has greatly enriched the tea varieties and germplasm in Shandong,also make people acquire rich experience on the tea introduction． In order to have a comprehensive analysis on the introduction of tea varieties and to collect and screen excellent tea germplasms in Shandong,the aspects including introduction way, original regions, number and types of tea varieties were studied by the field investigation , questionnaire and literature searching. Meanwhile, some tea trees with excellent characteristic were found, and then observed and measured. The results are as follows： 1. The tea varieties in Shandong province are mainly introduced from Fujian, Zhejiang, Hunan and Anhui provinces．Now there are 75 kinds of tea varieties in total, which are classified to two types as species group ( 7 kinds) and clonal group (68 kinds) ; or three types as national varieties (40 kinds), provincial varieties(14 kinds) and local varieties (21 kinds) by different level identification; or four types by different suitability of tea processing as sui