Lesson 5-1.pptVIP

Lesson 5 Text Environmental Engineering 环境工程 Environmental engineering is a branch of engin-eering that is concerned with pollution by the structures, machines, systems, and processes that are involved in hu-man activities. The development of civilization has caus-ed perturbation(扰乱) of much of the Earth‘s ecosystem, resulting in pollution of the air, land, and water. It is the task of the environmental engineer not only to design sys-tems to assuage(缓和) this pollution but also to educate people in protecting their surroundings from additional pollution. The practice of (有…习惯)environmental engineering is divided into various subdisciplines. Water treatment and disposal. In many cases, rivers, lakes, and oceans have become polluted from discharges of liquid wastes from residential, commercial, and indus-trial sources. Many of these bodies of water have been re-claimed because of a movement in the 1970s to construct new wastewater treatment facilities and to improve old ones. Both physical-chemical and biological processes are used to remove the liquid from wastewater stream. It is this organic matter that causes a depletion (损耗)of oxygen in rivers and lakes, with consequent anaerobic (缺氧性的,厌氧性的) conditions leading to fish kills and noxious odors. * 环境工程是关于由于建筑,机械,系统和人类活动所涉及的过程中所产生的污染问题的一个工程分支. 人类文明的发展已经在很大程度上扰乱了地球的生态系统,造成了空气,土地和水资源的污染.环境工程的任务既要设计缓和这种污染的系统,又要教育人们保护其环境以免受污染.习惯上可以将环境工程分成若干个分支学科. 水净化处理. 由于从居民地,商业地和工业地等污染源排放废液,在许多情况下,江河湖海已经变成受污染状态. 由于1970年代建设新废水处理设施和改造旧废水处理设施的运动,许多水体已经被再生使用.从废水流中除掉废液既可以用物理化学方法也可以用生物方法.因为这种有机物耗尽河水和湖水中的氧,造成厌氧状态,导致水中鱼类死亡和产生有害的臭气. The physical-chemical and biological processes remove an abundance of the organic matter, along with floatable scum (浮渣)and grease(油脂) from the waste stream. Chemical disinfection(消毒) inactivates bacteria, viruses, and proto-zoa(原生物) in the waste stream. The physical and chemi-cal processes used for removing solids from the waste str-eam include screening（筛选）, sand and grit separation, chemical coagulation（