航天医学基础Brain_in_Space.pptVIP

The Brain in Space Key Concepts How the central nervous system evaluates our position and motion. The sense of motion How we use gravity to control our posture and equilibrium Why eye movements are helpful for evaluating the functioning of the vestibular system The effects of spaceflight on posture, equilibrium, eye movements, and spatial orientation (perception of up and down) The possible causes, symptoms, and treatment for space motion sickness Distance and Speed Velocity Acceleration Accelerations The Sense of Motion The Neuro-Vestibular System Inputs/Outputs of the Vestibular System Inner Ear — Semi-Circular Canals Inner Ear — Otoliths Stimulation of the Otolith Organs Stimulation of the Otolith Organs Rest(Semi-Flexed) Posture in 0-G “Upright” Posture in 0-G Visual Orientation The brain uses shading cues to determine how to interpret the shape of objects Visual Orientation in Space The Earth is generally perceived as being “below” Ball Catching Experiment Pointing Postflight Postural Illusions Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Voluntary Head Rotation Passive Motion Principle of Centrifugation on Earth on Earth Centrifugation in Space (Neurolab) Artificial Gravity on Neurolab Off-Vertical Axis Rotation Spatial Orientation Mental Rotation A well-known person is not easily recognized when upside-down Elvis Presley Who’s That Girl ? Distortions in the features of a face are not evident when the face is upside-down Madonna (1984) Distortions in the features of a face are not evident when the face is upside-down Cognitive Tests 3-D Perception Distance perception is altered Volumes and objects are perceived smaller in the vertical dimension (height) Space Motion Sickness (SMS) Space Motion Sickness Categorization Mild SMS: One to several transient symptoms No operational impact All symptoms resolved in 36-48 hrs Moderate SMS: Several symptoms of a persistent nature Minimal operational impact All symptoms resolved in 72 hrs Space Motion Sickness Experience Shu