Moving Beyond Microearthquakes.pptxVIP

Dr. Alfred Lacazette Global Geophysical Services, Inc. Microseismic Services Division Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. Alfred.Lacazette@GlobalG www.GlobalG Moving Beyond Microearthquakes: Passive Seismic Monitoring Using Total Trace Energy 2nd China International Shale Gas Summit Chengdu 10 - 13 September 2013 GLOBAL MICROSEISMIC SERVICES Tomographic Fracture Imaging? Overview and examples Operational methodology theoretical foundation Hypocenters Focal mechanisms Testing the method with independent data Outline TOMOGRAPHIC FRACTURE IMAGING? A new, patented microseismic method that sums total trace energy. Summing total trace energy enormously increases sensitivity allowing new products and workflows. PRODUCTS: Direct images of fracture surfaces and networks. Volumetric movies of seismic activity Hypocenters focal mechanisms are a branch of the novel workflow. Ambient images Eagle Ford example. Oblique view of wellbore with microearthquake hypocenters (blue dots). Blue dots on the wellbore are the perf clusters. Eagle Ford example. Oblique view of wellbore with microearthquake hypocenters (blue dots) and one-voxel-thick slice of the Tomographic Fracture Image? of the same stage at the level of the wellbore. Gray areas with white outline show map-view footprint of the entire 3D TFI. Blue dots on the wellbore are the perf clusters. Note that the frac propagated symmetrically and perpendicular to the wellbore until the left side encountered a fracture that drained into a small fault (hypocenter cluster) that the client had mapped prior to the frac. Earth stress studies show that the earth’s crust is in a state of frictional equilibrium, like a pile of sand. Anything that disturbs the equilibrium, even slightly (0.01 atm), generates microseismic activity*. Tectonic, isostatic, and flexural forces keep the crust loaded with elastic strain energy. Earth tides from the sun and moon, weather-related changes in air pressure, and other subtle force