第三讲 增词法和减词法.pptVIP

一、为了保证语法结构的完整： 代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词，需要增补。 1．大作收到，十分高兴。 I am very glad to have received your writing. 2．没有调查就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。 After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words. 4． 我们响应了祖国的号召。 We responded to the call of our motherland. 连词：汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译成英语时，要适当增加连词。 1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2． 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 3．送君千里，终有一别。 Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last. 介词：英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。 1．我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。 We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country. 2．?你白天还是晚上飞广州？ Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night? 3．?那我们山脚见吧。 Let’s meet at the foot of the hill. 冠词： 1．他们不把Penny当老师，而当作朋友。 They considered Penny not （as） a teacher but (as) a friend. 2．我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved. We cann’t solve a problem properly without making a comprehensive analysis. Only when we have made a comprehensive analysis of a problem can we solve it properly. 二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。 文中暗含的意思： 1．大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。 Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard. 2．要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. It is advocated that we … 添加注释性的词语： 1．班门弄斧 Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Luban, the master carpenter. Show off one’s skills with the axe before an expert carpenter. 2．三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮(顶个诸葛亮）。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. The combined wits of three blinds equal that of Huge Liang, one of the masterminds. 3. 这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。 This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhangfei—a well-known ill-tempered brute. 增加概括性的词语 1. 结婚大办酒席，实在可以