6讲：浅基础承载能力.docVIP

footing column pile slab pier abutment mat foundation shallow foundation isolated footing continuous footing raft foundation box foundation pile foundation footing foundation strip footing spread footing friction pile timber pile driven pile displacement pile point bearing pile 地下水位 管涌 隆起 井点 降水 不均匀沉降 预应力 预制 砂浆 承载能力 weak strong hard soft loose stiff rigid firm sound steady stable brittle uniform 均匀得 homogeneous 均质的、均匀的 isotropic 各向同性的 anisotropic 各向异性的 viscouse 粘性的 cohesive 粘性的 noncohesive 非粘性的 cohesionless 无粘性的、无内聚力的 ductile 延性的、塑性的 Unit 7 Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Introduction The designer of a shallow foundation must ensure that the foundation meets basic considerations of safety, dependability, functional utility(实用、有用), and economy. Specifically, the foremost(最主要的) of these are the requirements of adequate（足够的） depth, tolerable （容许的）settlements, and safety against failure. The requirement of adequate depth centers around environmental influences which could affect adversely（有害的） the foundation performance（工作, 履行）.The foundation must be deep enough with respect to（相对于、关于、就…而论） the depth of frost penetration（侵入） and depth of seasonal（季节性的） volume changes in the soil to prevent excessive movements resulting from these influences. The foundation must be deep enough to exclude（排除） the possibility of erosion（冲蚀） and undermining of the supporting soil by water and wind currents. The foundation should also be adequately（适当地）placed with respect to adjacent structures, existing or anticipated（预期的）,to minimize the possibility of mutual（相互的） damage by construction operations or by transmission of additional loads to the supporting soils. The requirement of tolerable settlements is concerned with total and differential settlements