(word)考研英语经济学人双语阅读：破产与经济.docVIP

考研英语经济学人双语阅读：破产与经济 Bankruptcy and the economy 　　破产与经济 　　A fresh start 　　一个全新的开始 　　New evidence that rules for debtors are too tough. 　　新证据表明，对债务人的要求太苛刻。 　　LAST year nearly 1m Americans filed forbankruptcy. That is far fewer than the number whoused to seek bankruptcy protection before the law was made tougher a decade ago. Thisreform may have done more harm than good.The aim of bankruptcy law is to give peoplerelief from unpayable debts. Some two-thirds of individual bankruptcies are due to a lost job.Many bankrupts need time to get back on their feet. In the mid-2000s Chapter 7 rules made iteasy to wash away debts. That irritated credit-card firms, which claimed that spendthriftsabused the system; so in 2005 the law was toughened. The idea was to shift people to aChapter 13 bankruptcy, where they would have to repay some of the debt. 　　去年，将近100万美国人申请破产。十年前，法律对于破产保护条件非常严苛，而那些曾经寻求破产保护的人数却远超过申请破产的人数。这项改革可能弊大于利。[破产法旨在帮助人们减轻无法偿还的债务。约有2/3的个体破产源于失业。许多人破产后需要一定时间才能从中恢复过来。21世纪中期，第七章规定有利于摆脱债务。这激怒了信用卡公司，并声称，“败家子们”滥用了系统;也因此2005年，法律变严格了。这样做的初衷是让人们适应第13章破产规定，即他们必须偿还一些债务。 　　The reform had a big impact. At least at first, Chapter 13 filings rose relative to Chapter 7ones. And a new paper, from Stefania Albanesi, of the New York Federal Reserve, and JaromirNosal, of Columbia University, finds that the reform led to a permanent drop in thebankruptcy rate. 　　这项改革曾意义深远。至少，一开始，第13章文件与第7章文件相关联的。纽约联邦储备银行的StefaniaAlbanesi与哥伦比亚大学的Jaromir Nosal共同完成了一篇新的论文，指出这项改革实现了短暂的破产率降低。 　　However, other recent research suggests that this is not necessarily a good thing. Will Dobbie,of Princeton University, and Jae Song, of the Social Security Administration, look at Chapter 13bankruptcies before the reforms of 2005. They link half a million bankruptcy filings to taxrecords and use a novel technique to analyse them. Because some bankruptcy judges aremore lenient than others, people in similar straits may end up with different bankruptcydecisions. This quirk allows some useful comparisons. 　　然而，其他最新研究表明，这未