果树的水分关系.ppt

* * * Most of automated irrigation control systems use environmental factors as inputs. An idea to employ plants for the controlling themselves is not new. Since 70s (last century), this approach is known as the “speaking plant” approach. The interest to the plant feedback control has been argued soundly. From the standpoint of ecophysiology, knowledge of external factors alone provides an insufficient basis for drawing accurate conclusions about the degree of drought. Only the plant itself can show reliably where and when lack of water becomes a stress. (Larcher, 1995). . * Four basic sensors are used for standard phytomonitoring…. It is a minimal commercial set, that enables monitoring both short and long-term response of plants in terms of water balance and growth variations.. * This technique has been realized in a commercial instruments for scheduling irrigation (see an example on the slide). In literature, we may many find different opinions on this method: from commendation to complete denial. * The correlation between surface temperature and water stress is based on the assumption that as a crop transpires, the evaporated water cools the leaves below that of air temperature. As the crop becomes water stressed, transpiration will decrease, and thus the leaf temperature will increase. Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI): CWSI = (dT - dTl) / (dTu - dTl) ... (2) where, dT is the measure difference between crop canopy and air temperature, dTu is the upper limit of canopy minus air temperature (non-transpiring crop), and dTl is the lower limit of canopy minus air temperature (well-watered crop). A CWSI of 0 indicates no water stress, and a value of 1 represents maximum water stress. Idso (1982) demonstrated that the lower limit of the CWSI is a linear function of VPD for a number of crops and locations. ?The following is an example for soybeans: * The correlation between surface temperature and water stress is based on the assum