稻田CO2和CH4通量特征及碳平衡研究.doc

本文发表于《云南大学学报》（自然科学版）,2013,35(S2)291-295 稻田CO2和CH4通量特征及碳* 杨智1，孙绩华2，徐安伦3 （1.云南省气象局，昆明 650034；2.云南省气象科学研究所，昆明 650034； 3.大理国家气候观象台，大理 671003） 摘 要：利用-1.068mg·m-2·s-1。 关键词：近地层；CO2通量；源汇 Analyses of the Characteristics of CO2 and CH4 Fluxes and Carbon Balance over the Rice Field Yang Zhi1，Sun Jihua2 Yunnan Provincial Institute of Meteorology, Kunming 650034; 3. .Dali National Climatic Observatory, Dali 671003) Abstract: Based on the data of the observation system of surface layer in Dali National Climatic Observatory at the rice growing stage from 2008 to 2010. The diurnal and monthly variation of CO2 density and CO2 flux over the rice field were analyzed by eddycorrelation method, CH4 flux was contrasted with CO2 flux .The results showed that CO2 density presents obvious diurnal variation, CO2 density in the nighttime is much higher than that in the daytime, the vale usually appears at 14:00-18:00, the peak usually appears at sunrise. CO2 flux presents obvious diurnal and monthly variation. The vale usually appears at 14:00, the average lowest carbon dioxide flux is -1.068mg·m-2·s-1 in the diurnal variation. CO2 flux is negative from transplant to ripe over the rice field, the lowest carbon dioxide flux appears at jointing and heading stage, that means rice field economy system absorb CO2 from transplant to ripe. CO2 flux absorption is much strong than CH4 flux discharge. The rice field acts as a sink of CO2 for the whole growth stages. Keywords: Rice field; Surface layer; Flux of CO2; Source and sink 引言 气候变化是当前社会各界关注的热点，也是复杂的科学问题。CO2和CH4等温室气体的大量排放是全球气候变暖的原因之一。CO2对温室效应的贡献率约为55%，CH4对温室效应的贡献率约为15%～20%[1]。哥本哈根会议上，发达国家和发展中国家互相指责对方排放甲烷。对于稻田生态系统CO2和CH4的排放，世界各国的科学家在不同地区已经做了多年的观测和研究工作，国内对稻田CO2和CH4的排放及其估算也有许多报道[23]。然而，水稻在生长过程中排放CO2和CH4的同时，还通过光合作用吸收CO2。分析研究水稻田生态系统碳的净收支可判断水稻田生态系统究竟是碳源还是碳汇，对正确预测未来气候变化和政府减排决策具有重要的意义，同时也为中国等水稻主要种植国家在联合国气候变化大会上博弈提供科学依据。 1 观测仪器和计算方法 1.1 观测站环境及观测仪器 通量观测站设在云南省大理国家气候观象台（25°42′N, 100°11′E,海拔1990.5m）内，观测场下垫面较为平坦，水稻生育期观测场内外植被主要均为水稻，因而构成了