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(16) British and American metallurgists arrived on the patent office doorstep at about the same time in 1948 with their processes for manufacturing a new form of cast iron called ductile iron, a marvelous product that could be made using most of the available equipment and technology of the gray iron foundry and had some special physical and economic advantages setting it apart from gray and malleable irons and forged or cast steels. 参考译文： 英国和美国的冶金学家在1948年大约相同的时候，各自带着他们关于制造一种叫做球墨铸铁的新型铸铁的生产工艺，到专利事务所申报专利。这种铸铁是一种奇特的材料，它能用灰铸铁车间现有的大部分设备和技术制造，而又具有与灰铸铁、可锻铸铁、锻钢和铸钢不同的一些特殊的物理上与经济上的优点。 二、词义的选择 (29) The extent of decarburization in a white heart iron depends on manganese to sulphur ratio as well as on section thickness. 参考译文：白心可锻铸铁脱碳的程度取决于锰硫比和断面厚度。 （30）When high pouring temperatures are used to ensure satisfactory running of thin sections of castings the primary austenite tends to form long coarse dendrites. 参考译文：当使用高的浇注温度以确保铸件的薄断面得到良好的充填时，初生奥氏体倾向于形成长而粗大的枝晶。(31)Experience has shown that the application of mould coats are generally ineffective in eliminating rat-tail from the casting.参考译文：经验表明，应用铸型涂料对消除铸件上的鼠尾缺陷一般不起作用。 (32)Wrought alloys possess good forgeability, it gives way to pressure． 锻造合金具有良好的可锻性，在压力下会变形 。 (33) E1ectritc resistance furnaces have their electric energy transformed into heat. 电阻炉将电能转变为热能。 (34)This machine is simple in design，yet it is efficient in operation 这台机器的结构简单，但工作效率很高。 (35)The casting takes both the size and the shape of the mould． 铸件的体积和形状随铸型而异。 (36) Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds． 合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中间结构。 (37)This new annealing furnace is a fuel-efficient model． 这种新型退火炉是节油型退火炉 (38)In gas metal arc welding process, with faster travel there is a narrower heat-affected zone and consequently less molecular disarrangement，less grain growth, less heat transfer in the parent metal, and greatly reduced distortion. 在气体金属电弧焊工艺中、由于进行速度快，所以热影响区窄，从而晶格扭曲少、晶粒生长小，对焊料的传热少，并且显著地减小了(焊件的)变形。 (39)After a series of experiments im