量子力学英文课件格里菲斯Charter11.ppt

For each integral in Eq.[11.51] we must “close the contour” in such a way that the semicircle at infinity contributes nothing. In the case of I1, the factor eisr goes to zero when s has a large positive imaginary part; for this one we close above (Figure 11.9a). The contour encloses only the singularity at s=+k, so In the case of I2, the factor e?isr goes to zero when s has a large negative imaginary part, so we close below (Figure 11.9b); this time the contour encloses the singularity at s = ? k (and it goes to around in the clockwise direction, so we pick up a minus sign): Conclusion: This, finally, is the Green’s function for the Helmholtz equation - the solution to Eq.[11.42]. Or rather, it is a Green’s function for the Helmholtz equation, for we can add to G(r) any function G0(r) that satisfies the homogeneous Helmholtz equation: clearly, the result (G+G0) still satisfies Eq.[11.42]. This ambiguity corresponds precisely to the ambiguity in how to skirt the poles -- a different amounts to picking a different function G0(r). Returning to Eq.[11.43], the solution to the Schr?dinger Equation takes the form where ?0 satisfies the free particles Schr?dinger Equation, Eq.[11.57] is the integral form of the Schr?dinger equation; it is entirely equivalent to the more familiar form, i.e. the differential form of the Schr?dinger equation. Suppose V(r) is localized about r0 = 0 -- that is, the potential drops to zero outside some finite region (as is typical a scattering problem), and we want to calculate ?(r) at points far away from the scattering center. Then |r| ?? |r0| for all points that contribute to the integral in Eq.[11.57], so and hence Let then and therefore In the case of scattering, we want representing an incident plane wave. This is in the standard form (Eq.[11.12]), and we read off the scattering amplitude: For larger r then, So far, this is exact. Now we involve the Born approximation: Suppose the incoming plane wave is not substantial