7课：扩大基础.docVIP

第一部分 词汇学习 underlying soil subsoil backfill abutment footing column pile beam slab caisson pier basement mat truss excavation aquifer cable brace prop shore flange web reinforced concrete unreinforced concrete plain concrete sleeper crosstie shallow foundation isolated footing continuous footing raft foundation box foundation pile foundation footing foundation compensated foundation spread footing groundwater table friction pile point bearing pile driven pile Precast pile Prestressed concrete pile simply supported beam overreinforced beam underreinforecd beam post-tensioning pretensioning deflection buckle torsion bend bent flexure yield curve inflect 第二部分 课文学习 Unit 6 Spread footings and Driven Pile Foundations Spread footings Spread footings (also referred to as shallow foundation) carry the loads from columns，walls，or other substructure elements and spread these loads laterally to the underlying soil so that the bearing pressure is reduced to a safe value．A1ternatlvely，footings are proportioned to control settlement．In this case the two essential design requirements are that the total settlement of the structure must be limited to a tolerable amount and that differential settlement of various piers and abutments（桥台） must be controlled or eliminated（消除）． Individual footings，usually rectangular in plan view（平面图，设计图），are the most common foundation type for columns，whereas strip（条带） footings are used to support walls．More complicated foundation members are those required to support several co1umns，and are usually referred to as combined footings．A combined footing may have a rectangular or trapezoidal（梯形的） shape or be a series of pads（垫板、承梁垫石） connected by narrow rigid beams referred to as strap（板带、）