m-虎克定律-强度理论322.pptVIP

* 3. 广义虎克定律 Generalized Hooke’s law 考虑 Poisson 效应 3.1 定律及其应用 Generalized Hooke’s law and its applications (1) 广义虎克定律 ( Generalized Hooke’s law for the general state of stress) 正应力与正应变之间的关系 切应力与切应变之间的关系 在小变形情况下，切应力不影响正应变，正应力不影响切应变。 (2) Generalized Hooke’s law for the two-dimensional stress state For the plane state of stress , its strain state is three-dimensional . 平面应力状态的虎克定律 (3) 平面应力状态斜方位的广义虎克定律 ( Generalized Hooke’s law for the plane stress state along the slope direction ) x y 例 图示简支梁横截面为高度是 h、宽度是 b 的矩形，已知材料的弹性模量E，泊松比? 。欲在轴线 K 点处测出该点的最大拉应变，应变片应沿什么方向粘贴？应变片的理论读数是多少？ 由于 K 点处于中性层上，因此该点处横截面上只有切应力而无正应力，故该点处于纯剪状态。 K 点所在横截面剪力： 切应力： ? a 2a F K a 2a F K 该点主应力沿 45? 方向，应变片应沿这一方向粘贴。 ?1 ?3 45° 主应力： 主方向应变： ? Example : A bar was acted by an axial force P shown follows , known E and v of the material , determine the tension of line AB . P A B Solve : b h Cross section Where is wrong ? P A B Solve : b h Cross section Suppose C is an abtrary point on the line AB , its state of stress can be shown in the follows figure . Acoording to the formula of , we can get : C x y Simple tension Example : A bar was acted by an axial force P shown follows , known E and v of the material , determine the tension of line AB . Acoorging to the generalized Hook’s law , follows result can be attained . Because C is an abtrary point on the line AB , so the normal strain along the line AB is uniform . Acoorging to the difinition of normal strain we can get : The tension of line AB is : h = 600 b = 800 ?y = 40 ?x = 80 例 对如图均匀变形的板，求： ① 厚度的改变量； ② 板面积的改变量； ③ 体积的改变量。 板中各方向上的应变 h = 600 b = 800 ?y = 40 ?x = 80 厚度的改变量 板面积的改变量 体积的改变量 4. 强度理论 Strength Criteria 4.1 强 度 理 论 的 概 念 Concept of strength criteria 假设点A是结构中最危险的点,材料力学中通常只考虑杆件结