Hypertension4.pptVIP

Hypertension 高 血 压 病 What Is Hypertension? Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的). High blood pressure is often called a silent killer because many people have it but dont know it. Over time, people who do not get treated for high blood pressure can get very sick or even die. Diagnosis Blood pressure: Blood pressure readings are usually given as two numbers --The top number is called the systolic blood pressure, and the bottom number is called the diastolic blood pressure. Height, weight and waist(腰围) : The wider the waist is, the shorter your life is Cardiopulmonary examination (心肺检查)and neurological examination(神经系统检查): to know whether you have the cardiovascular complications(心脑血管并发症) Urine routine(尿常规): If there is anemia(贫血), hematuria(血尿),it should be considered as renal hypertension or hypertension leads to severe renal damage. Blood biochemical(血生化): Low serum potassium(低血钾) may lead to secondary hypertension Electrocardiogram ECG(心电图): know whether hypertension leads to Cardiac hypertrophy(心肌肥厚), arrhythmia(心律失常) pressure. Retinopathy(视网膜病变) Diagnosis Hypertension Essential Hypertension 原发性高血压（高血压病）90–95% Secondary Hypertension继发性高血压 5–10% ①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical cause. ② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物)that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system. Primary or Essential Hypertension Benign Hypertension (Chronic Hypertension) 良性/缓进性高血压 Malignant Hypertension (Accelerated Hypertension)恶性/急进性高血压 Classification Of Hypertension Pathological Changes(病变) Hypertension Symptoms Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. Primary granular ([?gr?nj?l?],颗粒状的) atrophy([??tr?fi:],萎缩) of the kidney（原发性颗粒性固缩肾） Arteriolar ([ɑ:?ti?ri??ul?],