2015考研英语阅读中与“殖民史”有关的真题.docxVIP

　　考研英语中对这段北美殖民史“情有独钟”，在历年真题中多有涉及，今天老师就带同学们一起来看看这些真题的特点。　　一、真题大搜索　　在88、07、09年的考研英语真题中，对这段殖民史都有涉及。美利坚合众国是一首丰富的歌，它不仅是一个民族，而是由许多民族组合成的民族。好好学习这段历史，对考生解题会有意想不到的作用。老师建议考生首先通读以上两篇考研真题，对这段殖民史有所了解，再把句中的这类文体常用的重点词汇找出进行详细记忆，将主要观点的英语表述方法熟记于心。　　(2007年完形填空)西班牙和葡萄牙前殖民地独立后面临的问题：　　(注：划线部分为原题设问处)　　By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.　　The roughly 20 million inhabitant of these nations looked hopefully to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers opento talent, freedom of commerce and trade,therightto private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of 1aws.　　On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the Church,however there was less　　agreement among the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one granted by the Spanish crown. while most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying cry for the conservative forces.　　The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had promised in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spains remaining colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much slower because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies produced .Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was unprepared to self-rule and democracy.　　全文翻译：到了1830年，原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地变成了独立的国家。这些国家的大约2千万居民对未来充满期待。许多独立国家的领导人在旧政权和伊比利亚