修辞学12.pptVIP

Chapter 10 Semantic Figures of Speech What figure of speech is used? 手如柔荑，肤如凝脂，领如蝤蛴，齿如瓠犀，螓首蛾眉。巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮。《诗经·硕人》 子贡曰：“夫子之不可及也，犹天之不可阶而升也。”《论语·子张篇第十九·25》 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。 10.1 Simile two concepts or two dissimilar things are imaginatively and descriptively compared, because they have something in common. typical connectives: “like”, “as(…as)” Other words or phrases have the same function: “more than”, “as if”, “resemble”, “suggest”, etc. How to tell simile from comparison? 1) Comparative words are used (“like”, “as” or “as if”, etc.); 2) Two things are involved in comparison—the primary term (tenor)本体and the secondary term (vehicle)喻体; 3) The compared things are substantially different; 4) There is something in common (ground喻底) between the two compared things. (1) Jim looks like his brother Billy. (2) Jim and his brother are as like as two peas. types of simile Descriptive similes 描绘性明喻. The young moon was like a slender shaving thrown up from a bar of gold. Illuminative similes启发性明喻: There was a secret meanness that clung to him almost like a smell. Illustrative similes说明性明喻 In an ordinary beam, the waves are like the people in a crowd going to a football match, jostling and bumping into one another. Ground given or not given? 1.open similes—ground not given: He is like a fox. 2.closed similes—ground given: He is sly like a fox. If we can not think up fresh, original comparisons, it would be better to use plain language. Avoid using trite similes: to sleep like a log; as firm as a rock; as busy as a bee; etc. 10.2 Metaphor Greek “metaphora”, “transference, carrying over” A figure of speech in which words are used to indicate something different from their literal meaning: one thing is described in terms of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them. The difference between simile and metaphor: Simile makes explicit comparison. Metaphor makes implied comparison. The world is like a stage. (--explicit) The world is a stage. (--implied) S