05 potential,energy conservation.pptVIP

* * * * §7-3 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces 1. Work done by (the force of gravity) x y o mg yi yf a b c d h e (P168) Wg depends only on the inertial and final positions, 1. Wg around any closed path is always zero. 2. and does not depend on the real path taken. The features of : Based on Hooke’s law: 2. Work done by ( the elastic force) (P172-): have the same features! O xi A B xf x have the same features! 3.Work done by (the universal gravitational force) The net work done by conservative force (保守力) on a particle moving around any closed path is always zero. Definition 1: Definition 2: Work Done by a Conservative Force is independent of Paths (与路径无关). These two definitions are equivalent. 3. Conservative Nonconservative Forces: Definition 1: Mathematically, these common features can be written as: The work done by a conservative force = minus increment of “U” related to the force (保守力作功等于该势能增量的负值). Then, If we define Potential Energy U as §7-4 Potential Energy (P170-) Descriptions: 1. “U” is the function of position states. 2. The relativity of potential energy: Wif=Ui- Uf—— The difference of potential energy (“U”) has absolute meaning, but Reference of “U” is arbitrary to choose. Definition of U: 势能是保守力对路径的线积分 3. If work done by force is dependent on the path, the is called nonconservative force. It is also called dissipative force (耗散力), such as a friction force. 7-5 Work-Energy Principle 1. Work-Energy Principle: —Work-Energy Principle then —mechanical energy of system, Introduce 2. The Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy (P174): If only conservative forces do work, mechanical energy conserves —— both kinetic energy and potential energy can be transformed to each other. Forces external ~ internal ~ conservative in~ nonconservative in ~ A chain has length L and mass M, and was put on a frictionless table. At t = 0, the chain is stationary and length l is hanged over the edge. At the moment