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Greenhouse effect vs Global warming Greenhouse effect -blanket effect -Greenhouse gases Global warming -Intensification of greenhouse effect -global temperature rising gradually Causes of global warming:Increase in GHG GHG: water vapour, CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs Natural sources CO2: volcanic eruptions, respiration Man-made sources CO2: Deforestation, fossil fuels combustion incineration, power plant, industries Impacts of global warming Physical environment: Climate, sea-level, soil, plants and animals Socio-economic: Agriculture, forestry, energy, recreation, navigation, health Case studies: 1. HKSAR 2. Mainland China Ways to combat global warming: Individual’s action 3R: reduce + recycle + reuse Use public transport Use clean energy Use eco-friendly products Plant trees Educate others Ways to combat global warming: HKSAR government RAMSAR World Summit 2002 Kyoto Protocol: - HKSAR ?Mainland China - Non-annex I Parties Reduce CO2 emission - Power plants: Nuclear, Coal, Natural gas, Oil - LPG cars Ways to combat global warming: International cooperation 1992 Earth Summit – UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) 1997 Kyoto Protocol: 5 . 2% reduction of 1990 levels between 2008-12 2002 World Summit – ratify Kyoto Protocol Koyoto Protocol 京都協議Elements Countries: Annex I(MDC) , Non-annex I(LDC) Commitments, e.g. EU-8% , USA-7%, Russia 0% Implementation 1. Joint Implementation (聯合實施) 2. Emission Trading (排放交易) 3. Clean Development Mechanism (淨化發展機制) 4. Carbon sinks (碳吸納) Koyoto Protocol 京都協議Ratification 確認- 55%CO2 e+55 countries Will not ratify: USA, Australia Willing(?) to ratify: Russia ( 17.4% CO2 emission), 2003 ?? Ratified: Almost 100 countries (44 % CO2 emission). Koyoto Protocol 京都協議Objections Countries so reluction to cooperate: USA Professionals’ objections: Oil companies Environme