Energy Principles.pptVIP

Our Study of Environmental Science Topic OutlineBasic Scientific Principles Scientific Method Structure of Matter Energy Principles Types of Energy States of Matter Laws of Thermodynamics Environmental Implications of energy flow Interrelated Scientific Principles:Matter, Energy, and Environment Energy Principles Energy Defined as the ability to perform useful work Two types of energy: Kinetic and Potential These two types of energy manifest in six different forms: Mechanical Energy (movement) Thermal Energy (heat) Radiant Energy (e.g. light) Electrical Energy Chemical Energy Nuclear Energy Energy Principles: Kinetic Energy Energy contained by moving objects Energy used to do work Examples of Kinetic Energy: Mechanical energy (movement) Thermal energy or heat (caused by movement of molecules) Radiant energy including light, radio waves (movement of waves, speed of light) Electrical Energy (movement of electrons) Energy Principles: Potential Energy Stored energy, energy with the “potential” to be released and used. Energy due to object’s relative position An object that is elevated (e.g.H2O behind a dam) has the potential to turn into kinetic energy by falling. Electron that is far away from nucleus has the potential to release energy if it moves closer to nucleus Examples of Potential Energy: Chemical Bonds (energy stored in food, oil, natural gas; can be converted to kinetic energy) Nuclear Energy (energy stored in the nucleus of atoms; difficult to release) Energy and States of Matter State of matter depends on the amount of kinetic energy in its molecules Solids—Molecular particles have low energy and vibrate in place; very close to one another. Liquids—More energy; molecules are farther apart from one another. Gases—Molecular particles move very rapidly and are very far apart. Even though state of matter changes, the chemical nature remains the same To change state of matter ? change energy States of Matter Sensible Heat: The heat we feel is due to en