MBg-2 Gene concept.pptVIP

Gene locus DNA 双螺旋结构模型 (DNA Double Helix Model) 1938. W. T. Astbury 1950. Erwin Chargaff A + G / T + C = 1 A+T = G + C 1952.??? Alexander Todd? Nt~~Nt ~~Nt~~Nt~~Nt X~ ray photograph of DNA ? Rich AT form rich GC form 3’, 5’ phosphodiester bond 1953. Watson Crick Right handed B-form DNA Double helix Model 碱基的重叠与堆积 G-C pair, held together by three hydrogen bonds A-T pair , held together by two hydrogen bonds 1 6 2 3 4 2 The hydrogen-bonded base pairs of DNA. The figure shows the position and length of the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. The covalent bonds between the atoms within each base are shown, but double and single bonds are not distinguished. Question In a DNA molecule, which of the molecules listed below pairs with adenine? (d) cytosine (c) valine (b) guanine (a) thymine Next slide thymine Yes adenine 等位基因（Allele, Allomorph）概念的发展 Pseudo allele Allele 同一座位存在的两个以上不同状态的基因, 其总和称 之为复等位基因（multiple alleles）（A, a1, a2..） 全同等位基因 (homoallele) 非全同等位基因 (heteroallele) Allele 具有相对差异的DNA区域 TAAAGTAAT TAAAGCAAT (非全同等位基因) site Gene locus Mut a1 Mut a2 × W.t A Mut a1 Mut a2 ATTCTGAGCT ATTCGGAGCT ATTCAGAGCT ATTCGGAGCT ATTCAGAGCT (mut2) ATTCAGAGCT ATTCGGAGCT (mut1) 全同等位基因 在同一基因座位(locus)中，同一突变位点（site）向不同方向发生突变所形成的等位基因( homoallele ) 非全同等位基因；在同一基因座位（locus）中，不同突变位点（site）发生突变所形成的等位基因。( heteroallele ) site Gene locus Mut a1 Mut a2 × site W.t A Mut a1 Mut a2 ATTCTGAGCT TTCGGAGCT ATTCTGAGAT ATTCGGAGCT ATTCGGAGAT (mut) ATTCTGAGAT ATTCTGAGCT (W.t) Summary Benzer关于顺反子理论的提出不仅将基因的 “三位一体” 的经典概念修正为基因的 “一位一体” 概念, 而且动摇或否定了 “拟等位基因” 的概念, 认为拟等位基因实际上是基因内不同位点的突变体, 是复等位基因的不同成员. 同时将 “在同一基因座位(locus)中, 同一突变位点向不同方向发生突变所形成的等位基因” 称为全同等位基因(homoallele). 将“在同一基因座位中, 不同突变位点发生突变所形成的等位基因” 称为非全同等位基因(heteroallele). In the diploid双倍体 cells of an organism, there can be _________ different allele(s) of a given single-copy nuclear gene. Only one One or two