沉船沉物强制打捞清的责任主体和费用保障问题研究.docVIP

摘 要 由于海上运输的特点与固有风险，在海上货物运输活动中，船舶与载运货物的沉没是不可避免的。随着国际贸易和海上货物运输的不断发展，船舶日益大型化，尤其是巨型油轮的出现，使得一旦船舶或货物沉没，对海上交通安全和海洋环境的危害较之以前会更大。而当沉船沉物对海上航行安全、环境保护以及其他有关利益构成现实或者潜在的危害时，为了维护公共安全和社会公共利益，海事行政主管机关有权依法要求船舶所有人、经营人限期对沉船沉物打捞清除在情况紧急时，海事行政主管机关有权依法采取打捞清除措施明确强制打捞过程中有关当事方的权利、义务和责任关系，保障强制打捞费用得到充分受偿，建立完善、公平、高效的法律制度加以调整结合，海事行政主管机关直接采取的海事行政主管机关责令船舶所有人在限定时间内事前约定对沉船、沉物事故的发生承担责任的人ABSTRACT Because of the characteristics and the inherent risk of maritime transport, during the maritime transport activities, it is inevitable that the ship and the cargo carried sink. Moreover, in recent years, with increasing of international economic exchanges and the development of the transport of goods by sea, the number of large tonnage ship has been increasing, they carry more and more goods, but once the ship or cargo sinks, danger to the marine traffic safety and the marine environment will be even greater than before. When sunken objects has real or potential hazards to maritime navigation safety, environment protection and other relevant interests, in order to insure public safety and social public interests, maritime administrative authorities shall be entitled to require the owner, operator to clear sunken objects in limit time： In emergency situations, marine administrative authorities have the right to take immediate measures to salvage removal. In order to clarify the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties of compulsory wreck removal, to secure full repayment of costs of compulsory wreck removal, a sound, fair and efficient legal system has to be established. In this paper, based on domestic and foreign laws, regulations and international conventions about compulsory wreck removal, combined with recent research results, as basic theory of jurisprudence, civil law and administrative law a guide, using various research methods on issues about compulsory wreck removal, the author mainly discusses the issues that determining the main body and repaying the cost of compulsory remova