Chapter6–Composites+Teamwork+and+Synerg....pptVIP

 Chapter 6 Composites: Teamwork(协同) synergy(增效)in materials Objectives ●Study different categories of composites: particulate(颗 粒), fiber; ●Focus on composites used in structural or mechanical applications. Outline ●6.1 Dispersion-strengthened composites(弥散增强复合 材料) ●6.2 Particulate composites(颗粒复合材料) ●6.3 Fiber-Reinforced composites(纤维增强复合材料) ●6.4 Characteristics of fiber-reinforced composites ●6.5 Manufacturing fibers and composites ●6.6 Fiber-Reinforced systems and applications A special group of dispersion-strengthened nano-composite materials containing particles l0 to 250 nm in diameter is classified as particulate composites. These dispersoids(弥散 体), usually a metallic oxide, are introduced into the matrix by means other than traditional phase transformations . Even though the small particles are not coherent (粘在一 起)with the matrix, they block (阻塞) the movement of dislocations and produce a pronounced strengthening effect. Arranging the Fibers Exceptionally fine filaments are bundled together as rovings(粗纱), yarns(纱线), or tows(粗纤维). In yarns, as many as 10,000 filaments(单丝) are twisted together to produce the fiber. A tow contains a few hundred to more than 100,000 untwisted(不缠绕的) filaments. Rovings are untwisted bundles of filaments, yarns, or tows. 6.5 Manufacturing of fiber-reinforced composites 6.4 Characteristics of fiber-reinforced composites Often, fibers are chopped into short lengths of 1cm or less. These fibers, also called staples(短切纤维), are easily incorporated(合成一体) into the matrix and are typical of the sheet-molding and bulk-molding compounds for polymer-matrix composites. The fibers often are present in the composite in a random orientation. Long or continuous fibers for polymer-matrix composites can be processed into mats(垫板) or fabrics, Mats contain non-woven, randomly oriented fibers loosely held together by a polymer resin. The fibers can also be wov