应用光学7.1-7.4.pptVIP

Chapter 7 Image Quality Of Optical System 常见的像差 7.1 Introduction(简介) 1) Two requirements for the imaging properties (成像性能)of the system: The first requirement includes the effective focal length(有效焦距)，the object and image distance(物距和像距), the magnification(放大率), the entrance pupil (入瞳)position and distance, etc. The second requirement includes the image quality of the optical system. The image formed by the system should be similar to the object, and should be clear (清晰) enough and distort (变形) as small as possible. 2) Two type of the aberrations(像差): The first type of aberrations are suitable for the measurement of an optical instrument which is already produced(制造完成后). The second type of aberrations are suitable for the design stage(设计阶段). Resolution Measurement1 ①The so-called resolution power of an optical system is the smallest distance which can be resolved by the system 系统所能分辨的最小的间隔 ②In the actual measurement, a resolution test plate(分辨率板) is used to be the object. Then the smallest distanceδ(mm)on the image plane which can be resolved by the system will be the resolution power (分辨能力) of the system. ③Sometimes the reciprocal(倒数)δis also used to represent the resolution power: ④The spatial frequency(空间频率): μ=1/δ (7.1)，the unit of μ is lp/mm. Star Test1 If the image is not ideal or is a blur(one object point can not be imaged as a perfect image point according to wave optics), the size and the energy distribution (分布) of the blur (光斑) can be used to estimate the image quality of the system. 根据弥散斑的大小和能量分布的情况，就可以评价系统像质的优劣。 Geometrical optics2 Geometrical aberration (几何像差)，Wave front aberration(波像差)，Spot diagram(点列图)，Geometry OTF（Optics Transfer Function）(几何光学传递函数), etc. Physics optics2 Point Spread Function(点扩散函数,点列图)，Relative central luminous intensity(相对中心光强)，Physical OTF(Optics Transfer Function)(物理光学传递函数), etc. 7.2 Color Dispersion(色散) And Chromatic Aberrations(色差) 1) The Define Of Color Dispersion(色散) For a certain medium the difference (