Chapter 4 -Li- The movement of substances across cell membranes.pptVIP

D.  Transport processes within an eukaryotic cell 3. Active transport: Carrier protein-mediated movement up the gradient B. Cells carry out active transport in three main ways C. Direct active transport depends on four types of transport ATPases 4. Indirect active transport is driven by Ion gradients ----- Cotransport The difference between animal and plant cells to absorb nutrients B. Cotransport: Symport and antiport 5. Endocytosis:  --- Large molecules enter cells A. Endocytosis imports extracellular molecules dissolved or suspended in fluid by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane B. Phagocytosis: The uptake of large particles C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis Figure 12-9 Targeting of Soluble Lysosomal Enzymes to Endosomes and Lysosomes by a Mannose-6-Phosphate Tag. In fact, signaling pathways in the cell are much more complex. Structure of a clathrin –coated vesicle Model for the formation of a clathrin-coated pit and the selective incorporation of integral membrane proteins into clathrin-coated vesicles The endocytic pathway is divided into the early endosomes and late endosomes pathway Materials in the early endosomes are sorted: Integral membrane proteins are shipped back to the membrane; Other dissolved materials and bound ligands ? Multivesicular body (MVB mediated transport) ? the late endosomes. Molecules that reach the late endosomes are moved to lysosomes. 6. Exocytosis Constitutive exocytosis pathway Regulated exocytosis pathway Figure 12-12 Exocytosis. Release of the content of a secretory vesicle or granule to the exterior of the cell. Figure 12-8 Vesicular Traffic Through the Endomembrane System. Vesicles carry lipids and proteins along several routes from the ER through the Golgi complex to various destinations, including secretory vesicles, endosomes, and lysosomes. (1) Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes attached to the cytosolic surface of the rough ER. Initial glycosylation steps occur within the ER lumen. (2) Tra