历届英文试题.docVIP

A structure is required to satisfy the two criteria of not exceeding either the ultimate limit state or the limit state. 5. Describe the following figure. When the design shear strength of the concrete is exceeded, it is necessary to provide shear reinforcement. The nominal shear strength of the shear reinforcement is derived from the truss analogy illustrated in the following figure. Please describe it. under-reinforced beam in ACI Code In ACI code, the design compressive strength of concrete are usually based on the strength at 28 days. over-reinforced beam in ACI Code Describe the following figure For a reinforced concrete beam subjected to pure torsion, the principal tensile stresses are produced at an angle of 45 degrees and ACI specifies that the angle of inclination of the cracks may be assumed to be 45 degrees. After cracking, the beam is idealized as a tubular space truss illustrated in the following figure. Please describe it. An limit state analysis is necessary to determine the maximum load carrying capacity of a structure and a limit state analysis is necessary to ensure satisfactory behavior under working load conditions. 10. Concrete, subjected to a sustained compressive force, undergoes an increasing deformation with time which is additional to the initial elastic compressive strain. This additional deformation is called 。 5． Please explain the following figure in English. Give a sketch of the assumptions or the simplified calculations for rectangular beam with tension reinforcement only Figure 1 Idealized stress distribution Figure 2 Equivalent rectangular stress block When the design shear strength of the concrete is exceeded, it is necessary to provide shear reinforcement. The nominal shear strength of the shear reinforcement is derived from the analogy. 10.The tensile force developed in a reinforcing bar is transferred to the surrounding concrete by means of the developed between the reinforcement and the concrete at the interface. Reinforc