5.1 Transcription in prokaryotes.pptVIP

5. Transcription Including 5.1 Transcription in prokaryotes 5.2 Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes 5.3 Transcription in eukaryotes 5.4 Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes 5.5 rRNA process and RNPs 5.1 Transcription in prokaryotes 5.1.1 Basic principle of transcription 5.1.2 The E. coli RNA polymerase 5.1.3 The E. coli promoter 5.1.4 transcription Initiation, Elongation and Termination 5.1.1 Basic principle of transcription An overiew Transcription is the enzymic synthesis of RNA on a DNA template. Transcription is catalyzed by an RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase + dsDNA + (AGCU)TP RNA synthesis always occurs in a fixed direction. sense strand, antisense strand (template strand) Promoters, terminator, upstream Initiation RNA polymerases are usually multisubunit enzymes. They bind to the dsDNA and initiate transcription at sites called promoters. Promoters are sequences of DNA at the start of genes, that is the upstream of the coding region. RNA polymerase initiates the synthesis of the RNA strand at the start site (initiation site), position +1 RNA polymerase and its co-factors, Transcription complex Elongation The RNA polymerase covalently (共价) adds ribonucleotides to the 3 -end of the growing RNA chain. RNA chain 5→ 3 ; The RNA polymerase 3 → 5 along the template. Enzymes moves, unwinds the DNA, seperating the ds, to expose the template for base paring and covalent addition to the end of the growing RNA chain. Termination Termination of the transcription occurs at a specific DNA sequence known as the terminator. This sequences often contain self-complementary regions which can form a stem-loop or hairpin secondary structure in the RNA product. These cause the polymerase to pause and subsequently cease transcription. 5.1.2 The E. coli RNA polymerase RNA polymerase consists of five subunits: α, β, β ω, σ The core enzyme (α2, β, β ω), is responsible for transcription elongation.