2014第27届.docVIP

2014第27届“ IYPT”的问题1. Invent yourselfIt is known that some electrical circuits exhibit chaotic behaviour. Build a simple circuit with such a property, and investigate its behaviour.据了解，有一些电路能表现出混沌行为。构建一个简单的电路，使它具有这样的属性，并研究它的工作。2. HologramIt is argued that a hologram can be hand made by scratching a piece of plastic. Produce such a ‘hologram’ with the letters ‘IYPT’ and investigate how it works.有人认为，全息图可以通过刮伤一块塑料手工绘制。产生这样的“全息图”使它包含字母IYPT并研究研究出如何才能制作出这样的效果。3. Twisted ropeHold a rope and twist one end of it. At some point the rope will form a helix or a loop. Investigate and explain the phenomenon.固定绳子的一端并扭曲它的另一端。在绳索某一点上将形成螺旋线或回路。研究并解释这一现象。4. Ball soundWhen two hard steel balls, or similar, are brought gently into contact with each other, an unusual ‘chirping’ sound may be produced. Investigate and explain the nature of the sound.当两个相同或相似的硬钢球，轻轻接触到对方时，会产生一个不寻常的声音。研究并解释这个声音的性质和它产生的微观机制。5. Loaded hoopFasten a small weight to the inside of a hoop and set the hoop in motion by giving it an initial push. Investigate the hoop’s motion.将空心的呼啦圈填实，初始时给它一个推力使它滚动，试研究它的运动机理。6. Bubble crystalA large number of very small, similar air bubbles float on the surface of a soapy liquid. The bubbles will arrange themselves into a regular pattern similar to a crystalline lattice. Propose a method to obtain bubbles of a consistent size, and investigate the formation of such a bubble crystal.大量的非常小的，相似的气泡浮在肥皂液体的表面上。气泡会自动使自己成为一个有序的模式，类似于晶格。提出了一种方法，以获得大小一致的气泡，并探讨这种气泡结晶体形成。7. Pot-in-pot refrigeratorThe ‘pot-in-pot refrigerator’ is a device that keeps food cool using the principle of evaporative cooling. It consists of a pot placed inside a bigger pot with the space between them filled with a wet porous material, e.g. sand. How might one achieve the best cooling effect?锅中锅冰箱装置是采用蒸发冷却的原理让食物冷却的。它由一个较大的瓦罐、一个较小的瓦罐与用湿的多孔填充材料（填充两罐之间的空间）组成，例如填充沙子。研究并解决怎么才能达到最佳的散热效果？8. Freezing dropletsPlace a water droplet on a plate cooled down to around -20 °C. As it freezes, the shape of the droplet may become conelik