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The time lag spectrum of Cir X-1 on its normal branch
The time lag spectrum of Cir X-1 on its normal branch
QU JinLu1*, LU Yu1,2, DING GuoQiang3, ZHANG Fan1, LEI YaJuan1 LI ZhiBing1
1 Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3 Urumqi Observatory, NAOC Urumqi 830011, China
Received July 1, 2009; accepted September 12, 2009
In the radiation-hydrodynamics model, the time lag and fractional root-mean-squared (rms) amplitude as a function of emitted
photon energy should show a minimum on the normal branch oscillations. This has been seen in the Z-sources Cyg X-2 and GX
5-1. Here, using the observations from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), we study the energy dependence of normal
branch QPOs in the peculiar Z-source Cir X-1. We discuss the results in the context of radiation-hydrodynamics and the
Comptonization model.
According to their spectral and fast-timing properties, neutron-
star low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) can be classified
as Z-sources or atoll sources [1]. For a typical Z-source,
the characteristic pattern in the X-ray color-color diagram
(CCD) or hardness-intensity diagram (HID) exhibits a
Z-shaped track (hereafter the Z track). The three limbs of
the Z track are historically called the horizontal branch
(HB), normal branch (NB), and flaring branch (FB); the
X-ray flux variability properties of a Z-source are strongly
correlated with the positions in the Z track [1, 2]. Many
kinds of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) have been detected
in Z-sources: such as (i) the horizontal branch QPO
(HBO) with centroid frequency varying from ~13 to ~75 Hz
along the horizontal branch, and (ii) the normal branch QPO
(NBO) from ~4 to ~7 Hz, which remains nearly constant on
the normal branch.
The temporal characteristics of Z sources have been extensively
studied. Mitsuda et al. [3] discovered a time difference
of about 70 ms between NBO at energies below
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