AUTOMOTIVE MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING METHODS1.ppt

85-500-01Introduction to Deformation and Fracture Dr. W. Altenhof, P. Eng. Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering * * The Importance of Material Deformation Engineers and designers are good at balancing component performance and economics. “Component” may be a part or combination of parts associated with a “structure”. When loaded, all components deform (experience deformation) Engineers must ensure deformation is within allowable “limits” Fracture of a component must be avoided entirely (generally). * Complexities of Deformation and Fracture Basic concern in design is to ensure stress within a part does not exceed the strength of the material. Stress is a function of applied load and part geometry. Typically act in more than one direction (bi/tri-axial) Time dependency of load application (fatigue/creep) Parts contain flaws/cracks Strength is a material property only which depends upon Strain Strain rate Temperature Material Etc…. * Component Failure Deformation failure Change in physical dimensions of a component such that its functionality is compromised. Fracture Component experiences cracking (with or without propagation) and separates into multiple pieces. Functionality is compromised. * Component Failure - continued Corrosion Loss of material as a result of chemical action. May or may not involve load application. Functionality is compromised. Wear Material removal as a result of contact (abrasion) between solid surfaces. Erosion Involves material removal as a result of interaction between a solid and a fluid (liquid or gas). Our focus in this class does not deal with these three important topics. * Deformation and Fracture Time dependency * Elastic Deformation Elastic deformation is recovered after unloading. In elastic loading stresses and strains are generally proportional. Typical elastic properties of materials include Young’s modulus Poisson’s ratio Failure of a structure as a result of elastic deformations is possible.