Unit One 2 Geography.pptVIP

Lesson two练习:巴拿马城 一、英汉语言的共相 词类划分、句子要素、基本句型的相同或相似之处。试翻译并比较下面这两段文字： 1.E-C Translation The development of science and technology has been one of the spectacular phenomena of our generation. It has revolutionized our way of living—and possibly also our way of dying. You may not realize what is happening because it is piecemeal process. But you can feel the increasing convenience and comfort brought on by airplanes, television, telephones, and even insect killers. There is hardly anything that we see, hear, feel or eat that hasn’t been changed by science and technology. 科技的发展是我们这一代人最为惊异的现象之一。它使我们的生活方式发生了革命性的巨变，可能还会改变我们死的方式。你也许意识不到其中的变化—因为这一切是一个渐进的过程。但你能感受到飞机、电视、电话甚至杀虫剂所带来的越来越多的方便与舒适。我们所看到、听到、感觉到和吃到的，几乎没有一个不是科技变革的结果。 2. C-E Translation 计算机刚出现，人们就把它的运算情况与思维或人脑作比较。此后， 有关人工智能的讨论一直在进行。现在，有关这个问题出现了意见截然相反的争论。然而，普遍的看法是， 既然智能是人所表现的一个特征，而计算机只是一台按程序编制者的指令行事的哑巴机器，机器就永远不会像人那样具有智能。 As soon as the computer came into being, man began to compare its operations with thinking and brain. Since then, discussion on artificial intelligence have been in progress. Now there are arguments both pro and con concerning this question. But it is generally assumed that since intelligence is a characteristic exhibited by man and a computer is a dumb machine which does only what the human programmer tells it to do, a machine can never be as intelligent as a man. 二、英、汉语言的差异 1. 英语的词汇有形态变化， 例如动词有人称、时态、语态、情态和语气以及非谓语的变化（不定式，分词）等。英语通过词汇的形态变化，表示句子丰富多彩的语言关系和逻辑关系。 汉语基本没有形态变化， 它主要靠词语、语序、及暗含逻辑关系来表达句子的语言意义。 [例1]They told me that Professor Liu would have been teaching here for twenty years by this winter. 他们说到今年冬天时刘教授在这里教书要满二十年了。 [例2] I could have laughed to hear him talk like this. 听到他样讲话，我差点笑出来。 2.英语句子的谓语只能由动词（包括实义动词和联系动词）担任，而汉语的谓语几乎可以由所有语言单位来担任，包括动词、短语乃至句子。 [例1]这房子采光很好，全海景，地段也不错。 With a favorable location, the house has access to efficient sunshine and overlooks the sea. [例2] At the end of her four months in the hospital, Mrs Peng was pronounced incurably blind. 彭太太住院治疗整整四个月，医生最后判定她是永久性失明，无法治疗。 3. 英语组句时重“形合”，汉