第七章OSI数据链路层.ppt

OSI 数据链路层 网络基础– 第七章 课程索引 7.1 数据链路层 – 访问介质 7.2 介质访问控制技术 7.3 介质访问控制编址和对数据成帧 7.4 汇总归纳 7.5 实验和练习 7.1数据链路层 – 访问介质 Link Layer: Introduction Some terminology: hosts and routers are nodes communication channels that connect adjacent nodes along communication path are links（连接相邻结点的通信通道叫链路） wired links wireless links LANs layer-2 packet is a frame, encapsulates datagram（第二层的数据叫帧，它封装了第三层的数据报） data-link layer has responsibility of transferring datagram from one node to adjacent node over a link Link layer: context Datagram transferred by different link protocols over different links（数据报在不同的链路上用不同的链路协议传播） e.g., Ethernet on first link, frame relay on intermediate links, 802.11 on last link Each link protocol provides different services e.g., may or may not provide rdt over link transportation analogy trip from Taipei to Xindu plane: Taipei to Hongkong train: Hongkong to Shenzhen Another train:Shenzhen to Chengdu Bus:Chengdu to Xindu tourist = datagram transport segment = communication link transportation mode = link layer protocol travel agent = routing algorithm 7.1.1数据链路层 – 支持并连通上层服务 使用多种数据链路层协议使 IP 数据包通过各种 LAN 和 WAN 网络进行传输。 Link Layer Services Framing, link access: 成帧、链路接入 encapsulate datagram into frame, adding header, tailer channel access if shared medium (若是共享媒体则需要解决信道接入问题) “MAC” addresses used in frame headers to identify source, dest different from IP address! Reliable delivery between adjacent nodes 在相邻结点间可靠的传输 we learned how to do this already seldom used on low bit error link (fiber, some twisted pair) 在低误码链路上很少使用 wireless links: high error rates Link Layer Services (more) Flow Control: 流量控制 pacing between adjacent sending and receiving nodes Error Detection: 差错检测 errors caused by signal attenuation, noise. 信号衰减、噪声 receiver detects presence of errors: 接收端检查是否有差错 signals sender for retransmission or drops frame 发送端重传或丢弃帧 Error Correction: 差错纠正 receiver identifies and corrects bit error(s) without resorting to retransmission Half-duplex and full-dup