Lec.05communication theory.ppt

Motivation for Internetworking LAN technologies provide high speed communication across short distances WAN technologies serves large areas No single networking technology is best for all needs Ex: Ethernet might be the best solution for connecting computers in an office Ex: Frame relay might be the best solution for interconnecting computers in one city to another Universal Service Allows arbitrary pair of computers to communicate Increases individual productivity Incompatibilities among network hardware and physical addressing prevents universal service to extend across multiple networks that use multiple technologies Solution is Internetworking or Internet Provides universal service among heterogeneous networks Uses both hardware and software Is not restricted in size Router The basic hardware component used to connect heterogeneous networks Has a conventional processor and memory as well as separate I/O interface for each network Can connect two LANs, a LAN and a WAN or two LANs Can interconnect networks that use different technologies, media, physical addressing schemes or frame formats Internet Architecture Consists of a set of networks interconnected by networks Commercial routers can connect more than two networks A single router is seldom used because CPU and memory is insufficient Redundancy improves internet reliability The internet scheme allows to choose The number and type of networks The number of routers The exact interconnection topology Virtual Network Offers universal service Each computer is assigned an address and can communicate with any computer Internet is a virtual network system Protocols for Internetworking TCP/IP Widely used for internetworking The TCP/IP layering model contains five layers Also called Internet Layering Model or Internet reference Model Four layers of TCP/IP reference model correspond to layers of the ISO model The ISO model has no Internet layer Layers of TCP/IP Layer 1: Physical Corresponds to basic network