Lect7-Color model.pptVIP

Chapter 12 Color Models and Color Applications Properties of Light Visible light frequencies range between ... Red = 4.3 x 1014 hertz (700nm) Violet(紫 ) = 7.5 x 1014 hertz (400nm) Visible Light Hue（色彩） = dominant frequency (highest peak) Saturation（饱和度） = excitation purity (ratio of highest to rest) Lightness （亮度）= luminance (area under curve) Purity（纯度）, Charomaticity(色度) How well do we see color? What color do we see the best? Yellow-green at 550 nm What color do we see the worst? Blue at 440 nm Can perceive color differences of 10 nm at extremes (violet and red) and 2 nm between blue and yellow Color perception also affected by surrounding light and adaptation Human Color Vision Humans have 3 light sensitive pigments in their cones. How do define 3D color space? Problem No finite set of real primary colors can be combined to produce all possible visible colors. Three primaries are sufficient for most purposes CIE Color Space The CIE (Commission Internationale d’Eclairage) defined three hypothetical lights X, Y, and Z with these spectra: Idea: any wavelength ? can be matched perceptually by positive combinations of X, Y, and Z CIE Chromaticity(色度) Diagram (1931) The gamut of all colors perceivable is thus a three-dimensional shape in X, Y, Z Color = xX + yY + zZ Device Color Gamuts Since X, Y, and Z are hypothetical light sources, no real device can produce the entire gamut of perceivable color We can use the CIE chromaticity diagram to compare the gamuts of various devices: Note, for example, that a color printercannot reproduceall shades availableon a color monitor RGB Color Gamuts Define colors with (r, g, b) amounts of red, green, and blue The RGB color cube sits within CIE color space something like this: NTSC （美国国家电视标准委员会） RGB 生成其它颜色 在一个系统中可以生成的颜色并不一定能在其它的系统中生成 如果我们可以生成在350 – 750nm之间所有的纯光谱颜色，那么通过光谱颜色的叠加就可以生成所有其它的颜色 在实际的系统（CRT，胶卷）中，不可能生成所有的纯光谱颜色 可以通过把每个系统中的颜色立方体投影到（某个系统的）色度空间中，从而分析可以逼近的程度 Color systems 最接近真实原色的系统 National Televis