语言和语用SpeechActsⅡ.pptVIP

Unit 4.Speech ActsⅡ 英语学院10级2班 董威 渊博 周怀宇 王兴博 Searle focused on what Austin had called illocutionary acts. His theory aroused great interest in both the philosophic and the linguistic circles. Many scholars continued to study this theory. John Searle (1932___), Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. Noted for contributions in the Philosophy of language, Philosophy of mind and consciousness, and on the characteristics of socially constructed versus physical realities. Speech Acts(Ⅱ) Felicity conditions Typology of speech acts Indirect speech acts 1932.7.31 American philosophy More about Searle Felicity conditions Felicity condition—constitutive rules: rules that create the activity itself (speech act) 1)propositional content 2）preparatory condition 3）sincerity condition 4）essential condition Develop from original Austinian felicity condition 1)propositional content It concerns the state of affairs portrayed in an utterance. 2）preparatory condition Real-world prerequisites for the speech act. 3）sincerity condition It relates to speaker’s state of mind. 4）essential condition S intends that the utterance of T will place him under an obligation to do A. (Searle 1969:57-60) 指令或请求行为 （for a request） 允诺或承诺言语行为 （for a promise） 命题内容条件 说话人讲出听话人将要做的某事 说话人讲出自己将要做的某事 准备条件 听话人能够实施某事（行为） 说话人能够实施某事，听话人希望说话人试试某事 真诚条件 说话人希望听话人做某事 说话人愿意做某事 基本条件 说话人试图让听话人做某事 做某事是说话人应该承担的责任 Typology of Speech Act Austin’s taxonomy Verdictives: give a verdict Exercitives: exercising power, rights or influence Commissives: promising or otherwise undertaking Behabitives: showing attitudes and social behavior Expositives: utterance in the course of an argument or conversation Searles Typology Austin’s typology Lack of unite standard Classification of verbs not speech acts Searle discussed twelve differences among speech acts Five prominent differences-------group standard Illocutionary point the purpose or intention of an illocut