05-Lossless Compression Algorithms.pptx

网 络 多 媒 体 Network Multimedia Technology 1 Lecture 5 Lossless Compression Algorithms 2010.4.7 Homework No.4 2 Exercises of Chapter 5 in Textbook: No.7 Digital video uses chroma subsampling. What is the purpose of this? Why is it feasible? Answer: The purpose is to have less information to transmit or store. Human vision has less acuity in color vision than it has in black and white - one can distinguish close black lines more easily than colored lines, which soon are perceived just a mass without texture as the lines move close to each other. Therefore, it is acceptable perceptually to remove a good deal of color information. In analog, this is accomplished in broadcast TV by simply assigning a smaller frequency bandwidth to color than to black and white information. In digital, we “decimate” the color signal by subsampling (typically, averaging nearby pixels). 二次采样 Homework No.4 3 Exercises of Chapter 5 in Textbook: No. 8 What are the most salient differences between ordinary TV and HDTV? Answer: More pixels, and aspect ratio of 16/9 rather than 4/3. What was the main impetus for the development of HDTV? Answer: Immersion — “being there”. Good for interactive systems and applications such as virtual reality. Contents 4 Introduction of Data Compression（数据压缩概述） Basics of Information Theory（信息论基础） Entropy Coding（熵编码） Run-Length Coding（行程编码） Dictionary-based Coding（词典编码） Why We Compress Data 5 必要性： 多媒体信源引起了“数据爆炸”，如果不进行数据压缩，传输和存储都难以实用化。 好处： 时间域压缩 ─ 迅速传输媒体信源 频率域压缩 ─ 并行开通更多业务 空间域压缩 ─ 降低存储费用 能量域压缩 ─ 降低发射功率 衡量标准： 压缩比要大 恢复后的失真小 压缩算法要简单、速度快 压缩能否用硬件实现 Introduction of Data Compression 6 Compression: the process of coding that will effectively reduce the total number of bits needed to represent certain information. 数据压缩就是在一定的精度损失条件下，以最少的数码表示信源所发出的信号。数据压缩也就是信源编码过程。 Introduction of Data Compression 7 If the compression and decompression processes induce no information loss, then the compression scheme is lossless; otherwise, it is lossy. 无损压缩：是指使用压缩后的数据进行数据重构(或者叫做还原，解