cause and effect.pptVIP

Paragraph Development Cause and effect What is cause and effect? The method of development in which the writer analyses the reason(s) for an action, event, or decision, or analyses resulting consequences to support a point. A paragraph can be developed by cause and effect. A single cause can result to many effects. On the contrary, a result can have many reasons. There are three types of method that develops a paragraph by cause and effect. ?The deep impact of opening to the outside world is readily discernible in a number of areas : （1）the adoption of many Western habits , both good and bad ; （2）changing social and moral values ; （3）the trend towards individualism ; （4）and the introduction of state-of-the-art concepts and technology . 　 　chain organization (因果连锁展开法 ) Tree diagram of causal chain: ( cause 1) ? ( effect 1) = ( cause 2 ) ? (effect 2) (cause 3) ? (effect 3) 　As the price of everything from toothpaste to tuition increases(cause1), workers demand higher wages to keep up with rising costs (effect 1=cause2). This can produce further increases in prices or a decreased demand for manufactured goods, or both(effect2). Since production tries to keep pace with demand(cause3), a decreased demand is followed by decreased production(effect3=cause4). This, in turn, can lead to layoffs and unemployment, which further decrease the demand for goods(effect4) . 在本段，需求、物价、生产互为因果，形成连锁反应。 　　以上两段均属于表示因果链的类型，即一种原因产生某种结果，而这种结果又是另一结果的原因，如此发展下去形成连锁反应。文中恰当使用连词、代词作为转换词，把因变成果，果变成因，形成因果关系的互相转化。 (1).begin with a topic sentence and this sentence is followed by specific supporting details. ? The topic sentence of a cause-effect paragraph should indicate the focus of the paragraph: causes or