GRE写作分类提纲之行为类.docVIP

No.3 Behaviors （4 Goals (3) 118 In any field of endeavor -- the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc. -- it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal. 在任何领域如科学、人文、社会科学、工业等，我们最大的收获在于达成目标的道路上的经验和发现，而不是获取目标本身。 （1） Every endeavor should have a goal, or related thing would be nonsense. A goal for any endeavor shows much significance. On the one hand, Orienting the direction. On the other hand, making all the jobs more efficient. The ideas and discoveries encountered on the way to goal are also making great sense. But we should realize how to make them more useful in our job now and future. 126 Societys external rewards are no measure of true success. True success can be measured only in relation to the goals one sets for oneself. （0） From 244 社会所给予的外部奖励不是成功的真正衡量标准。真正的成功只能通过自己所设立的目标来衡量。 Society’s external rewards can be regarded as society’s recognition of one’s contribution to society.For an individual person, a correct attitude is to gauge success in relation to the goals one sets for oneself. Overemphasizing the social criterion of success tends to belittle the worth of an individual. 212 If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable. [05/26; 06/4] 如果一个目标是值得的，那么追求目标的任何手段都是正当的。（56+5） 上面的观点不能这么绝对，要针对不同情分析，否则可能会酿成大错。Hitler，他则会认为侵略其他国家，一切满足他的贪求的做法都是值得的。再如战争，对于战争两方的任一方都会认为打败对方这个goal是值得的。因此这个值不值得就法定义。 假设现在我们为值得定义一个最起码的标准：不伤害他人利益，不违法。那么，的确，我们每个人都应该有为追求目标而the spirit of attaining our goal by making any effort。在一个社会中，没有科学家竭力的钻研，怎么会有科技的进步。没有政治家竭力的谋划，怎么会有人们的普遍福利。没有企业家竭力的追逐利益，怎么会有社会经济的持续发展。对于个人来说也是如此，个人不懈努力取得成功的例子让人称赞不已。如爱迪生试验了上百次作灯丝的材料，前N-1次都失败了，但他坚持不懈，最终成功；Nobel为了研制detonator差点forfeit his life。 但是我们应该认识到，上面所说的 “making any effort” does not equal to “any means”. “Making any effort” depends on the basis that the means you take are justifiable, while “any mean” not, which may 伤害他人甚至我们整个人类。如科学研究出成绩整个目标是好的，但剽窃或者作假就是不好的（MIT教授例子）；工业发展这个目标是“wor