基于单片机的炉控制系统设计毕业设计.doc

基于单片机的炉温自动控制系统设计 宜春学院　　物理科学与工程技术学院　　自动化专业　　　肖杰鸣 指导老师： （徐东辉） 摘要：在工农业生产中，温度是工业生产对象中主要的被控参数之一。电阻炉是通过电流流过电阻体产生热量来加热或熔化物料的一种电炉。电阻炉广泛地应用在化工、冶金等行业。它对温度控制的要求较高，温度控制的好坏直接影响着产品质量及生产效率，因此电阻炉的温度控制在科学研究、工业生产中具有重要的意义。 本设计采用单片机作为数据处理与控制单元，以电阻炉作为控制对象，用热电偶作为测量元件，用晶闸管作为输出控制元件来实现对电阻炉温度自动控制。该系统利用K型热电偶温度传感器，把检测到的电阻炉温度的信号送入MAX6675芯片，经过信号放大等一系列转换后，再将信号送到单片机STC89C52内进行PID运算，同时可以通过键盘调节PID参数。经PID运算后，比例调节输出量改变晶闸管控制量，变晶闸管的导通角，从而控制电阻炉的加热强度。从而控制电阻炉的炉温。 关键词：电阻炉；MAX6675；单片机STC89C52；PID控制 Abstract：SummaryIn the industrial and agricultural production , the temperature is accused of one of the main objects of industrial production parameters . Furnace current flowing through the resistor generates heat to a furnace for heating or melting the material . Resistance furnace is widely used in chemical, metallurgical and other industries. It requires a higher temperature control , temperature control has a direct impact on product quality and production efficiency , and therefore resistance furnace temperature control is of great significance in scientific research , industrial production.The design uses a single chip for data processing and control unit to resistance furnace as a control object , as the measuring element with thermocouple with thyristor as a control element to achieve the output resistance furnace temperature control . The system uses K -type thermocouple temperature sensor , to detect resistance furnace temperature signal into the MAX6675 chip , after a series of converted signal is amplified and then signal to the microcontroller STC89C52 PID operation , and can adjust the keyboard PID parameters. After the PID operation , adjust the output volume ratio of the amount of change in thyristor controlled , variable thyristor conduction angle, so as to control the intensity of the resistance heating furnace . To control the furnace temperature resistance furnace . Key words：The resistance furnace; MAX6675; SCM STC89C52; PID contro第1章 绪论 3 1.1 课题研究的背景及意义 3 第2章