高分子专业英语UNIT 10.pptx

UNIT 10 Glass Transition Temperature 玻璃化温度 Tb——脆化温度 Tg——玻璃化温度 Tf——黏流温度 Td——分解温度 第一段 An ordinary rubber? ball if?cooled?below -70 ℃ becomes so hard and brittle(易碎的） that it will break into pieces like a glass ball falling on a hard surface! 设想一个普通的橡胶球在零下70摄氏度冷却会变得如此硬而脆以至于像一个玻璃球摔碎在坚硬的表面成碎片。 Why does a rubber ball become like glass below -70℃? This is because there is a “temperature boundary（范围）” for almost all amorphous（无定形的） polymers (and many crystalline polymers结晶聚合物) only above which the substance remains soft,flexible(柔软的） and rubbery（橡胶状的） and below which it becomes hard,brittle and glassy. 这是因为对于几乎所有的无定型聚合物（和许多结晶聚合物）有一个温度范围，这个范围存在于软的，橡胶状物质之上，变成硬而脆，玻璃态的物质以下。 This temperature ,below which a polymer is hard and above which it is soft,is called the “glass transition temperation” Tg. 这个温度被称为“玻璃化转变温度Tg” ，低于该聚合物是硬的，高于是软的。 The hard,brittle state is known as the glassy state（玻璃态 ）and the soft,flexible state as the rubbery or viscoelastic state（黏弹态）. 坚硬，易碎的状态被称为玻璃态和温和的，柔软的状态为橡胶或黏弹态。 On further heating,the polymer(if it is uncross-linked非交联的)becomes a highly viscous（黏的） liquid and starts flowing;this state is termed viscofluid state(黏流态）,and the another transition takes place at its flow temperature Tf. 再进一步加热，聚合物（如果是非交联的）成为一个高粘性液体开始流动；这种状态称为黏流态，另一个转化发生在流动温度Tf。 第二段 Now，let us consider a polymer，say，polyethylene（聚乙烯）. At room temperature，polyethylene is solid，exhibiting all characterisitics of a low molecular weight substance. 现在,让我们考虑一种聚合物,就说聚乙烯。在室温下,聚乙烯是固态的,表现出的所有的分子量本质的特性。 At high temperatures，however，the characteristic difference between high and low molecular weight substance can be seen. 然而,在高温下,这个特性的差异在高、低分子量本质中可以看到。 Deepending on（根据）the temperature，the molectures of a low molecular weight substance either move apart（分开，分离，移 开）as a whole or do not move at all，i. e. ，there is a definite temperature ( melting point Tm ) below which the molecules do not move and above which they do move. 根据温度,低分子量的物质要么整个分子移开,要么根本不运动,有一个特定的温度(熔点Tm)在低于这一温度时分子不运动