江苏省赣榆县智贤中学高中英语牛津版选修7 Unit 4 The underground in the world 同步练习（七） .docVIP

Unit4 The underground in the world 同步练习 七 总分 100分 时间 60 分钟 成绩评定 __________________ I.阅读短文并回答问题 共14分 Maglev is short for magnetic levitation 漂浮 , which means that these trains will float over a guide way 导轨 using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains. The magnetized coil [电]线圈 running along the track, called a guide way, repels the large magnets on the trains undercarriage 车盘 , allowing the train to levitate 飘浮 between 0.39 and 3.93 inches 1 to 10 cm above the guide way . Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guide way walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guide way. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guide way walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity 极性 of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field （磁场） in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust 推力 . The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power source Metal coils lining a guide way or track Large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train. The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine. at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks. The engine for maglev trains is rather inconspicuous （不显眼的，不引人注意的）. Instead of using fossil fuels 矿物燃料 , the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guide way walls and the track combine to propel 推进 the train. Maglev trains float on a cushion of air 气垫 , eliminating friction 摩擦 . This lack of friction and the trains aerodynamic 空气动力学的 designs allow these trains to reach unprecedented 空前的 ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph. I