Solidification_of_metal-复习题..pptVIP

Solidification of metal金属的凝固 REVIEW 1 Basic Solidification Concepts Glossary Homogeneous[,h?m?‘d?i:ni?s] 自发的 Heterogeneous [,het?r?ud?i:nj?s] 非自发的 Equiaxed [‘i:kwi?kst] 等轴的 Columnar [k?l?mn?] 柱状的 Nucleus 晶核 Nuclei 晶核复数 Nucleation 形核 Nucleation agent 形核剂 Embryo [‘embri?u] 晶芽 Insoluble 不溶解的 Planar 平面的 Cellular [seljul?] 胞状的 Dentritic 树枝状的 Morphology [m?:f?l?d?i] 形态 Radii 半径 Substrate 基材，母材 Temperature gradient 温度梯度 Free energy 自由能 Epitaxial [,epi‘t?ksi?l] 联生的 Epitaxial growth 联生结晶 Competitive [k?m‘petitiv] 竞争的 Competitive growth 竞争生长 Constitutional undercooling 成分过冷 1.2 Nucleation - Homogeneous Nucleation The two main mechanisms by which the nucleation of soled particles in liquid metal occurs are homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation. Homogeneous Nucleation Homogeneous nucleation is considered first since it is the simplest case of nucleation. Homogeneous nucleation in a liquid melt occurs when the metal itself provides the atoms needed to form a nuclei. 1.2 Nucleation - Homogeneous Nucleation 1.2 Nucleation - Heterogeneous Nucleation Heterogeneous nucleation is nucleation that occurs in a liquid on the surfaces of its container, insoluble impurities, and other structural material that lower the critical free energy required to form a stable nucleus. Since large amounts of undercooling do not occur during industrial casting operations and usually range between 0.1 and 10℃,the nucleation must be heterogeneous and nothomogeneous. * * Homogeneous nucleation requires a considerable amount of undercooling, which m